In a remarkable turn of events, America has discovered a massive helium reserve capable of producing 52 million cubic feet of the gas, revealing a rich history intertwined with the development of helium production in the country. Located in Amarillo, Texas, the site boasts not just a substantial supply of helium but also a legacy of innovation that stretches back to the early 20th century.
As the world looks toward a future where helium plays an essential role in various technologies, the Amarillo Helium Plant serves as a powerful reminder of the lasting importance of this element.
The historical significance of helium production
The United States began its helium journey back in 1917, marking a significant shift in resource management. This discovery of the Cliffside Gas Field in Amarillo four years later revolutionized the landscape of helium production.
Located 3,500 feet underground, the Bush Dome—which covers 12,000 acres—was determined to contain a supply of helium sufficient for the next century. This finding prompted the implementation of the 1925 Federal Helium Act, allowing the Bureau of Mines to establish helium facilities, including the Amarillo Helium Plant, which commenced operations in 1929.
This facility became the world’s sole commercial helium plant, playing a vital role in fulfilling military demands during World War II and supporting scientific advancements in various disciplines.
The Amarillo Helium Plant: A hub of innovation
The Amarillo Helium Plant not only extracted helium but also functioned as a research center, contributing greatly to the understanding of helium production and its various applications. It used advanced techniques for helium separation—including cryogenics—to boost the efficacy and purity of helium extraction.
Come the 1930s, it was producing helium at a scale that met a considerable portion of the global demand. The plant notably employed a diverse workforce and bolstered the local economy, transforming Amarillo into a hub of industrial activity.
Alas, the facility’s operations faced challenges over the years, especially after the decrease in helium demand following World War II. By 1998, the Amarillo Helium Plant halted production, reflecting broader changes in the industry dynamics and the shift towards privatization.
The future of helium production in America
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) recently concluded the sale of the Federal Helium System to Messer, an industrial gas business, marking the end of a nearly century-long federal program.
The sale—which formed part of the 2013 Helium Stewardship Act—aims to promote responsible management of national helium resources moving forward. The proceeds from the sale, amounting to $460 million, were transferred to the U.S. Treasury, emphasizing the transition to private industry for helium management.
“The Department of the Interior and the BLM commend the efforts of all involved in this process, including ensuring that maximum value was obtained as part of this historic shift,” said Melanie Barnes, the State Director for the Bureau of Land Management in New Mexico.
As the world increasingly relies on energy sources such as helium for scientific research, medical technology, and space exploration, the legacy of the Amarillo Helium Plant remains crucial. This sale sets the groundwork for a more viable approach to helium production in the future.
And so, the discovery of this helium mine in Amarillo signifies not only a great historical legacy but also a promising outlook for helium production in America. As the nation shifts to private management of its helium resources, this plant is well-positioned to play a big role in addressing worldwide demand for this essential element. The evolution of helium production, from its early days to its modern resurgence, emphasizes the importance of sustainability in resource management.